Description: This charm summons an object to the caster, potentially over a significant distance. It can be used in two ways: by casting the charm, and then naming the object desired ("Accio Firebolt"), or by pointing the wand at the desired object during or immediately following the incantation to "pull" it toward the user. In either case, the caster must concentrate upon the object they wish to summon in order for the charm to succeed. The caster doesn't necessarily need to know the location if they say the name of the object to be summoned. This is proven when Hermione Granger explains in 1997 that she summoned the Horcrux books from Dumbledore's office by merely saying "Accio Horcrux books!" while in Gryffindor Tower.
Seen/Mentioned:Harry Potter summoned his broom to complete the first task of the Triwizard Tournament in 1994, as well as to summon the Portkey to escape Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters in the Little HangletonGraveyard in 1995. It failed to summon Horcruxes in 1997, and Harry failed to summon a falling Rubeus Hagrid. It was also used as a quicker way to find objects in Hermione's depth-enlarged beaded handbag, and was used as a quick and effective way of fishing ("Accio salmon").
Notes The summoning charm is limited only to items and small animals, as it has been shown incapable to summon people. And it is still possible for items to be enchanted so as to be impossible to summon, like Horcruxes and Harry's Cloak of Invisibility.
Etymology: The Latin word accio means "I call" or "I summon".
Notes: The Age-Line is impassable even by users of age-potions (proven by Fred and George Weasley). Thus, it functions on either calendar or mental age, not physical age.
Description: Produces a jet of water from the tip of a wand.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Fleur Delacour in 1994 to put out her skirt, which had caught fire during her challenge against a dragon. Harry used it twice in 1997: Once in an attempt to give Dumbledore a drink in the Horcrux cave, which did not work, and again to douse Hagrid's hut after it was set on fire by Thorfinn Rowle using the spell Incendio.
Etymology: Possibly an extension of Spanish words agua (aqua) ("water") and mente ("mind").
Description: This spell was told to be very very powerful since when Dumbledore casts this spell, Voldemort can't bear the power of it so he conjures a silver shield to deflect it. When the spell hits the shield, 'a deep, gong-like note reverberated from it-an oddly chilling sound'.
Pronunciation: al-lu-ha-MOR-ah or aluh-huh-MORA (video games)
Description: Used to open and unlock doors. It is not effective on doors bewitched to resist this spell. The spell can also unseal doors upon which the Colloportus spell has been cast.
Etymology: Alohomora is derived from the West African Sidiki dialect used in geomancy meaning: Friendly to thieves as stated by J.K. Rowling in testimony during the WB and JKR vs. RDR Books. [1]
Notes: In the books, when Alohomora is used, the lock/door must be tapped three times.
Description: Used to prevent Disapparition in an area for a time. Presumably can be used to prevent an enemy from entering a defended area, or used to trap an enemy in an area.
Notes: This curse is less effective when used non-verbally, but it still causes significant harm, at least when used by an accomplished caster. Also, Hermione had the added benefit of a hastily cast Shield Charm by Harry Potter which may have also lessened the damage caused.(could be the incantation "axelo")
Description: Causes the user to magically teleport from one place to another. It is imprecise over long distances. A license is needed to perform on one's own at the age of 17. If done incorrectly, the user can splinch themselves, causing a part of their body to be separated and left behind.
Seen/Mentioned: Used throughout the series. Harry and his classmates took Apparition Class in 1997.
Notes: No incantation, Hand Movement: Turn on the spot while remembering the 3 D's, which stand for destination, determination and deliberation.
Description: Used to slow down an object or being that is moving. It should be noted that it can be used in multiple targets and in the caster himself.
Etymology: Likely the combination of two words; the Anglo-French arester, meaning "To bring to a stop", and the Latin Momentum, meaning "The force or strength gained whilst moving." Literal translation: "Bring its momentum to a stop."
Description: Causes a bright green flash and a rushing noise; the curse causes instant death to the victim. There is no known counter-curse or blocking spell (with the exception of the curse striking another spell mid-flight, negating both), although the caster can be interrupted, the victim can dodge the green jet, hide behind solid objects (which burst into flame when hit by it), or, if the casting wizard is not sufficiently competent, the curse may be completely ineffective as described by Barty Crouch Jr. (acting as Alastor Moody) in Goblet of Fire. Harry twice countered this spell by casting Expelliarmus. It is one of the three Unforgivable Curses; the punishment of the use of this spell on another human being is capital punishment or life sentence in Azkaban.
The magical conditions have also been documented to defeat the curse, even on a direct hit:
Harry Potter was given magical protection against Lord Voldemort's use of the curse, when his mother sacrificed herself to save him.
Harry is the only person in the history of the magical world to have ever survived a direct hit to the killing curse.
Harry is saved by the twin cores effect between his wand and Voldemort's during a duel, as well as during a battle. During this battle, Harry's phoenix feather wand snaps the wand Voldemort borrowed from one of his servants, Lucius Malfoy. The reason for this is unknown. Dumbledore believes this feat to be due to the unique connections and relationships between the two duellists, which are complex and are "realms of magic hitherto unknown".
In Deathly Hallows, Harry is saved twice. The 1st time because when Voldemort tried to kill Harry as a baby, a piece of Voldemort's soul flaked off and was trapped within Harry himself (giving Harry a connection to, and many of the powers of, Voldemort). When the killing curse hit Harry in the Forbidden Forest, it killed the piece of Voldemort's soul trapped in Harry, and sent Harry to a nether region where Voldemort's use of Harry's blood gave Harry a lifeline back to the world of the living, should he choose to use it, and he decided to return to life. The second time, Harry was able to deflect the curse back at Voldemort (who died from it) because of a special condition involving the Elder Wand. This had been 'won' by Draco when he disarmed Dumbledore of his wand, but none understood this at the time, and Draco did not use the Elder Wand. Harry had won Draco's wand in a life-or-death duel, thereby proving to the Elder Wand that Harry should be the wand's true master. Therefore, when Harry used Draco's wand to cast Expelliarmus against Voldemort's Killing Curse, the killing curse rebounded on Voldemort leaving Harry unharmed and killing Voldemort once and for all.
Seen/Mentioned: First said (not by name) at the beginning of the first book when Harry arrives at the Dursley's home. First seen in The Philosopher's Stone, during the flashback while Hagrid described Harry's parent's deaths Voldemort is seen killing Lily Evans, next in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) when Harry Potter freed Dobby, Lucius Malfoy attempted to use it on Harry before Dobby stopped him, in Goblet of Fire against Muggle Frank Bryce, and in every book following. It is noted that while Harry has used every other Unforgivable Curse successfully he has never used the Killing Curse. Molly Weasley used this curse only in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 which shriveled up Bellatrix.
Suggested Etymology: During an audience interview at the Edinburgh Book Festival (15 April 2004) Rowling said: "Does anyone know where avada kedavra came from? It is an ancient spell in Aramaic, and it is the original of abracadabra, which means 'let the thing be destroyed.' Originally, it was used to cure illness and the 'thing' was the illness, but I decided to make it the 'thing' as in the person standing in front of me. I take a lot of liberties with things like that. I twist them round and make them mine."[3]
Description: The Babbling Curse is not fully understood but it is presumed to cause a person to babble whenever they try to speak.
Seen/Mentioned: According to Gilderoy Lockhart, he once cured a Transylvanian villager of this affliction, but as he proved an untrustworthy source of information, it is possible the curse does not exist at all. However, the curse itself may exist, but it could be that someone else cured the said villager.
Notes: This may also be the "Curse of the Bogies" mentioned by Ron in 1991 as a potential punishment should either Hermione or Neville get him and Harry in trouble. However, "bogey" can also mean a monster or a spectre, to which said curse might be referring.
Description: Similar to a Disillusionment Charm, it can be used to conceal a person or an object.
Seen/Mentioned: By Xenophilius Lovegood in 1998 when describing how the Cloak of Invisibility is the only thing that can make a person truly invisible, not requiring a Disillusionment Charm or a Bedazzling Hex.
Notes: Is used to make invisibility cloaks, although those cloaks aren't true cloaks of invisibility. It is not sure what the difference is between a Disillusionment Charm and a Bedazzling Hex. A Disillusionment Charm, would appear to simply make the target blend in very well with the surroundings whereas the Bedazzling Hex, given its name might possible mess directly with the eyes of anyone looking at the cloak wearer, so they would not appear to be there. Both the word bedazzling (bedazzle means cleverly outwit) and the hex part of the name suggest this.
Description: Puts a large bubble of air around the head of the user. Used as a magical equivalent of a breathing set.
Seen/Mentioned:Cedric Diggory and Fleur Delacour used this underwater in the second task of the Triwizard Tournament in 1995. It was also used by many Hogwarts students when walking through the hallways in 1996, because of the bad smells caused by the various pranks played on Dolores Umbridge. In the books, the bubble surrounds the user's entire head, while in the films it's limited to their mouth and nose.
Description: Creates a stream of non-bursting bubbles. The colour of the bubbles can vary and can be controlled by the caster.
Seen/Mentioned:Professor Flitwick used the spell to decorate the twelve Christmas trees at Hogwarts in Christmas of 1991. The bubbles in this instance were golden.
Description: Calvorio is a spell that is cast on a victim to make him/her bald. This spell is also useful in vanishing hats. When cast, there is a possibility that the spell will backfire and will affect the caster.
Seen/Mentioned: In Philosopher's Stone, Harry visits the "Curses and Counter-Curses" shop in Diagon Alley, on the sign it mentioned 3 curses; Hair loss, Jelly-Legs and Tongue-Tying.
Description: Causes the person upon whom the spell was cast to become happy and contented, though heavy-handedness with the spell may cause the person to break into an uncontrollable laughing fit.
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in a Charms class in 1994. Cheering Charms were part of the written Charms O.W.L. exam.
Etymology:Aperio is Latin for open, uncover, to uncover, lay bare, reveal, or make clear. Cista is Latin for trunk, or chest. If so, however, Cistem is likely a form of bastard Latin. Furthermore, if cista is its root, then it would be pronounced with a hard c (ca)
Seen/Mentioned: It was used by Tom Riddle to open the chest where Aragog was hidden.
Note: This spell was only used in the movie adaption of COS.
Etymology: Perhaps a portmanteau of the Latin words colligere ("gather" or "collect") and porta ("gate"). The Greek root kolla also means "glue" and becomes collo- in many English words. Notably, the spell causes a door to seal itself "with an odd squelching noise". It may also be derived from portcullis, which was used in medieval times as a barricade or last line of defence.
Notes: The Death Eaters did succeed in opening a door locked with Colloportus using Alohomora.
Etymology: The suffix "shoo" derives from the English noun "shoe". The prefix "Collo" derives from the Greek verb: "κολάω,κολώ" (which means "to glue").
Seen/Mentioned: Used in Harry's O.W.L. examinations in 1996. It may also be the same charm as when Harry accidentally changed the colour of his eyebrow, before he asked Luna to Slughorn's Christmas party. (Unlikely, as that was performed as a Transfiguration exercise, which is rather unrelated to Charms.) Could have possibly been used when Harry accidentally changed the colour of his teachers hair, in his Primary School.
Pronunciation: con-FRIN-goh (hard "g") or con-FRIN-joh
Description: Causes anything that the spell comes into contact with to explode into flames.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry to destroy the side-car of the flying motorbike during the battle against the Death Eaters in 1997. Later, Hermione used it in an attempt to kill Nagini and facilitate an escape from Bathilda Bagshot's house in Godric's Hollow.
Etymology:Confringo is Latin for "I break".
Notes: This spell seems to use heat as the source for the explosion. Harry is able to feel the 'heat' of the spell as it passes him when Hermione uses it against Nagini. Noting this, and due to the description of how the side-car exploded, it seems that the Blasting Curse is essentially a magical bomb, while the similar curse Expulso merely blows objects apart without using heat.
Description: Causes the victim to become confused and befuddled.
Seen/Mentioned: First mentioned in 1994, when Severus Snape suggested that Harry and Hermione had been Confunded so that they would believe Sirius Black's claim to innocence. Also used in 1996 by Hermione to prevent Cormac McLaggen from making Gryffindor Keeper over Ron. The Confundus Charm was used multiple times in 1997 including: Severus Snape on Ministry of Magic Official John Dawlish, Harry Potter while under his Invisibility cloak on two Gringotts wizard guards who were wielding Probity Probes, and again by Severus Snape on Mundungus Fletcher under orders from Albus Dumbledore. While under the influence of the Confundus Charm, Mundungus then "suggested" to the Order of the Phoenix that they use seven Harry's to confuse Voldemort while they move him from Privet Drive to The Burrow. The Confundus Charm was also used in 2017 by Ron Weasley as the means used to pass his Muggle driving exam.
Etymology: The word "confundus" appears to be derived from the Latin confundere, meaning "to confuse; to perplex", whereas confundo means "I confuse". Similarly, it may also derive from the English word "confound".
Etymology: Presumably, the common name is derived from the Conjunctivitis disease, more commonly known as "pink eye" or "caterpillar eye" due to its scabby inflammation. However, the incantation may come from the Latin words specto meaning "to watch" and the Latin word for "disrupt", in which case, the incantation would mean "disrupt the sight'.
Description: Inflicts intense pain on the recipient of the curse. The pain is described as hot knives being driven into you. This curse is affected by the caster's emotions. In an incurable rage, Harry Potter attempts this curse on Bellatrix Lestrange after she murders his Godfather. The curse fails to hurt Bellatrix for long and she mocks him, stating that the caster needed to enjoy the pain inflicted with the Cruciatus Curse. The only time Harry has successfully executed this curse is in the Ravenclaw common room on Amycus Carrow, who had forced Minerva McGonagall to lead him in after he heard that Harry was there. He planned to pass off the assault of his sister, Alecto who Harry had stunned upon entrance, onto the students for an excuse to punish them. When McGonagall objected, he spat in her face. Enraged by his treatment of a teacher he greatly admired, and of the students, Harry burst from the concealment of the Invisibility cloak and cast a true Cruciatus Curse, knocking the Death Eater out. This spell is an Unforgivable Curse, so the punishment is capital punishment or life sentence in Azkaban
Description: Probably causes monsters to appear randomly and/or attack the target.
Seen/mentioned: in Harry's first year, when Neville and Hermione follow Harry and Ron to the trophy room at night, Ron says, "If either of you gets us caught, I won't rest until I've learned that Curse of the Bogies Quirrell was talking about and used it on you."
Description: Gives the spell caster a highly-realistic 30-minute daydream. Side effects include mild drooling and a vacant expression.
Seen/Mentioned: These were invented by Fred and George Weasley and sold in 1996 at their joke shop, presumably in the form of some kind of physical object, similar to Skiving Snackboxes.
Description: This spell causes deep gouges to appear in the object targeted by the spell.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione, Harry, and Ron in 1998 to help tunnel out of the Gringotts Tunnels while on the dragon as well as in their escape from Luna Lovegood's home, also in 1998. Also used by Harry in 1998 to carve the words "Here Lies Dobby, A Free Elf." in Dobby the house elf's grave stone, after the brave elf was impaled with a silver knife thrown by a furious Bellatrix Lestrange just as he disapparated.
Description: The Banishing Charm. Used to send the target to a certain location.
Seen/Mentioned: Learned in the fourth year at Hogwarts.
Etymology: From the Latin “depulsio”, meaning “driving away”. Also is similar to repulse meaning "drive away with force". It could also be seen to be derived from the English word pulse (as in a pulse of energy.) and the prefix "de" which would make it mean "a negative pulse of energy."
Description: Causes any targeted object to move downwards.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1997, it was used by Ron to magically cause the stairs in his room, which lead to the attic, to descend, as well as by Crabbe in the Room of Requirement to lower the wall behind which Ron was hiding.
Description: Tears the target or a specific area on the target.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1994 when Harry urgently wanted to talk to Cedric Diggory he cast this spell to rip his bag, delaying him for class. Ron also used this spell to trim the lace off his dress robes before the Yule Ball. It was also used in 1996 by Harry to change the covers of his second hand and brand new copies of Advanced Potion Making.
Etymology: Latin diffindere, "to divide" or "to split".
Etymology: Quite simply, a phonetic spelling of the English word "descend" with a common Latin noun ending attached (-ium). The name also vaguely suggests "dissident", meaning to be against the laws. It could also come from the Latin word Dissocio, which means to part or to separate (in its verb form). The word en can mean both here and lookDium, could refer to the sun and normally translates as day or, more appropriately, today but can also be used as the command now. Together Dissendium could mean Separate here, now.
Notes: This may not be a spell in the strict sense, but a magical password like "Mimbulus Mimbletonia" (once a password for the Fat Lady) and "Acid Pops" (one of the passwords for Dumbledore's office gargoyle in 1996). However, it is mentioned that Harry has to tap the statue of the crone while saying the spell in order for it to open up. Also, the name of the spell is similar to the way other spells are named, suggesting that it may be a spell in its own right. A more logical explanation would be that it opens secret passages in general, although it is only used on the particular statue in the series, so this is not confirmed, it is just an idea.
Seen/Mentioned: Seen/Mentioned: Alastor Moody used the charm on Harry in 1995. Also mentioned in the Ministry of Magic leaflet provided to all magical people as a precaution against Voldemort's reign of terror. Xenophilius Lovegood mentions, in 1998, that invisibility cloaks are sometimes created by casting a disillusionment charm on a regular cloak, but that such charms will eventually fade and become visible. Is also used by Malfoy, Crabbe and Goyle in the Battle of Hogwarts.
Description: Transfigures target creature into a duck. A more reasonable incantation would be Zointrao Versavertamum (from zoo (animal-related), intra (within) and oo (egg), plus Versaverte, the transfiguration spell.
Etymology: From the English "duck", and the Latin "fors", meaning "luck". Questionable incantation.
Seen/Mentioned: Seen in 1994 when Barty Crouch Jr., impersonating Professor Moody, cast it on a spider to enhance a demonstration of the effects of the Cruciatus Curse. Rubeus Hagrid is also suspected of having performed the charm on his pumpkins once, and Ron Weasley suggested it might be the cause of Hagrid's abnormal size before learning that he is half-giant. Also used on a spider by Harry in 1998, partly to test his stolen wand, and partly to annoy Ron.
Etymology: The English word engorged means "distended" or "swollen". Almost certainly the same as the "Growth Charm" which was briefly mentioned in one of the books.
Notes: There is a difference between engorging something and enlarging it. Engorgement refers to swelling up, while simple enlargement refers to a scaled (proportionate) increase in size. However, take note that the pronunciation shares a root with engorgement.
Description:Engorgio Skullus is a Hex. This spell is used to swell the victim's skull. This may be a variation of the Engorgement Charm, as the first word of its incantation is the same.
Etymology: "Entomorphis" most possibly derives from the Greek word "έντομο" (entomo) which means "insect" and the Greek word "μορφή" (morphi) which means "form."
Notes: This may have been the spell that Harry Potter contemplating using on Dudley Dursley in 1995 "by striking him dumb, grow feelers, and have him scuttle home" when the latter was mocking Harry's nightmares about Cedric Diggory's death.
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek "episkeui" ("επισκευή"), which means "repair".
Notes: J. K. Rowling writes in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince that Harry's knowledge tells him this spell could belong to a family (or variety) of Healing Spells, in the same way a species of plants belongs to a larger genus.
Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1995 by Severus Snape to make Harry's potions disappear from his cauldron. In addition, when Fred and George were showing off their puking pastilles, Lee Jordan cleared the bucket of vomit with the Evanesco spell.
Etymology: Comes from "evanescence", something that is fleeting or disappears, and the Latin evanesco, "disappear".
Notes: In 1998, when asked by the door knocker to Ravenclaw Tower "Where to vanished objects go?", Professor McGonagall replied "Into non-being, which is to say, everything." This is, so far, the best description available for what happens to Vanished objects.
Description: Has the same properties of the Hurling Hex. The use of the Latin word 'Everte' backs this up as it basically means 'to throw out'. Also, in its use by Draco Malfoy in the Duelling Club in 1992, the spell throws Harry backwards.
Description: The Patronus Charm is a defensive spell used to conjure an incarnation of the Witch's or Wizard's innermost positive emotions to act as a protector against dementors and lethifolds. It can also be used to send messages.
Etymology:Patronus means "protector" or "guardian" in Latin, reflecting the role the Patronus Charm plays. In archaic Latin, it meant "father", which is interesting, considering that Harry Potter's Patronus is the same as his father's Patronus and Animagus form. The Latin word exspecto or expecto means "I watch for" or "I await", thus the charm's incantation roughly translates into "I await a protector".[5]
Notes: All Patronuses take the form something important to the caster, usually some animal special to them. For instance, Harry Potter's Patronus is a stag; Harry's father, James, was an Animagus whose animal form was a stag. The form of one's Patronus can change when the caster has undergone a period of heightened emotion, such as severe stress or love, such as when Nymphadora Tonks' Patronus changed to a werewolf.
Description: This spell is used to disarm another wizard, typically by causing the victim's wand to fly out of reach. It can also throw the target backwards when enough power is put into it. As demonstrated in 1994, simultaneous use of this spell by multiple witches or wizards on a single person can throw the wizard back with much greater force.
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1992, when Severus Snape disarmed Gilderoy Lockhart at the Duelling Club. The most notable uses of it are when Draco Malfoy used it to disarm Albus Dumbledore, and Harry used it in the final battle against Voldemort wielding the Elder Wand. It was seen by the Death Eaters as Harry's signature spell.
Etymology: Possibly a combined form of the Latin expello, "expel", and arma, "weapons" or "tools"; thus, "expel the weapon". Expellamus means "let us expel".
Note: Called Harry's "signature move" in 1997, and also used in a Doctor Who episode.
Description: This spell has only been cast once, and that was by Cho Chang in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, as an accidental curse used against her friend Marietta. It is possible that this curse can only be cast when the caster is distracted. It manifests as a jet of red light, and cause the targets clothing to spontaneously combust.
Description: A very powerful curse which causes a large explosion. Similar to the Blasting Curse, which also causes its target to explode, though the Blasting Curse seems to use heat (like a bomb) while Expulso seems to cause an explosion using pressure as opposed to heat.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by the Death EaterAntonin Dolohov in an attempt to capture Harry in 1997; this may have been the spell that caused a segment of wall to fall and kill Fred Weasley.
Etymology:Expulsum is past participle of Expellere, Latin for "to expel".
Description: It is a protective charm that was used along with Protego Maxima and Repello Inimigotum during the Battle of Hogwarts. The spells effect is to turn magical shields into physical shields so as to prevent the enemy passing through it.
Etymomlogy: Latin "fiant", meaning "become" and "duri", nominative masculine plural of dūrus", meaning "hard" or "unyielding"; altogether the incantation reads "become hard".
Description: This complex charm enables secret information to be hidden within the soul of the recipient, known as a Secret-Keeper. The information is then irretrievable until and unless the Secret-Keeper chooses to reveal it; not even those who have the Secret revealed to them can reveal it to others. If a Secret-Keeper dies, each individual who knew of the secret in turn becomes Secret-Keeper.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1993, it was explained that when Harry was an infant, he and his parents, James and Lily Potter, were hidden from Lord Voldemort by this charm. Later, in 1995, the charm was used to hide the location of the headquarters for the Order of the Phoenix. It was also used in 1998, in which it was used to protect the location of Shell Cottage.
Etymology: Latin fidelis, which means "faithful" or "loyal".
Notes: J. K. Rowling previously stated that when a Secret-Keeper dies, the Secret they held can never be revealed to anyone else; the people who were told before the Secret-Keeper's death will still know the secret, but after the death of the Secret-Keeper no one new can be brought into the circle of knowledge (meaning that eventually all knowledge of the secret will be lost and it will become undiscoverable.[7] However, in 1997, it is clearly explained that upon the Keeper's death (specifically, Dumbledore as Keeper of 12 Grimmauld Place), all those who had been told the secret became Secret-Keepers in turn, and could pass the secret on to others. Hermione accidentally "revealed" Grimmauld Place to the Death Eater Yaxley by allowing him to Apparate with her to its front doorstep. Although Yaxley would not be able to reveal the secret to other Death Eaters, he could have brought them inside by the same process. What those other Death Eaters would see and experience upon entering the house in this fashion is not fully explained. It is also not known what would happen if a secret was not passed on to anybody before the death of the Secret Keeper, although the secret information would remain as it was the moment of the Secret Keeper's death.
Notes (2): The Fidelius Charm seems to have no effect with regard to animals, as Hedwig found Ron and Hermione in the headquarters of the Order of the Phoenix in 1995 (unless she was told by Dumbledore somehow). Another oddity is that the Potter's house in Godric's Hollow was apparently visible to all non-Muggles, even though the Secret should have only been known to James, Lily, Harry, Sirius, Peter, Bathilda Bagshot and Voldemort; it apparently ceased to operate upon the Potters' death.
Notes (3): In 1981 Hagrid managed to get Harry before all the Muggles could take a look at the scene. This would mean that after either killing the Potters or the destruction of their House by the Avada Kedavra curse, the spell ceased to function. Later, it would seem that the house was made to be anti-Muggle by wizards in order to pay tribute to the Potters.
Notes (4): In 1997, even though the name of Voldemort had been cursed so act as a sort of beacon as to who spoke the name and as a jinx to disarm all enchantments that it was unable to deactivate the Fidelius charms defences, however it still may have been a beacon as Death Eaters were staking out the location after Voldemort's name had been spoken within. However it seems as though the Death Eaters were there simply in case Harry showed up as they only stationed 2 Death Eaters in a rotation as though they were staking it out and did not know for sure that Harry, Hermione, and Ron were inside.
Notes (5): Those who have been informed of the secret by the Secret-Keeper are unable to tell the secret to those who are unaware of it. This is proven when Snape told Bellatrix that he couldn't speak the name of 12 Grimmauld Place. Those who do know the secret can apparently discuss it with impunity, though, as Harry and his friends spoke of Grimmauld Place in idle conversation.
Description: Fiendfyre is seemingly unstoppable cursed fire whose flames take the shape of fantastic creatures that appear to stalk those caught in its path. It can also destroy Horcruxes.
Seen/Mentioned: Possibly in the Half Blood Prince(film) when by Bellatrix and Fenirir Greyback when they attacked the Burrow at Christmas and in the order of the phoenix (film) when Albus and Voldemort duel in the ministry. Another usage was in the Deathly hallows in the Battle of Hogwarts when Crabbe, Goyle, and Draco Malfoy cornered Harry Potter in the Room of Requirement when he was searching for Rowena Ravenclaw's lost diadem. Crabbe cast Fiendfyre, which become flaming beasts that pursued Harry, Ron, and Hermione and gleefully devoured every object within the Room, including Crabbe and the Horcrux within the diadem.
Etymology: A "fiend" is a cruel or wicked person, or a demon; "fyre" is a reference to fire.
Notes: The caster must be able to control Fiendfyre, or it can spread indefinitely. The fire cannot be extinguished by water or fire-stopping charms, and the spell's flames may have some independent consciousness. Hermione Granger notes that she was aware that Fiendfyre was extremely destructive and that it can potentially destroy a Horcrux. However, she never considered using it because it was too dangerous. It is likely that Fiendfyre is too difficult or impossible for most to control.
Description: Negates spells or the effects of spells.
Seen/Mentioned:Severus Snape used it in 1992 to restore order in the Duelling Club when Harry and Draco were duelling. Remus Lupin used the short form "Finite" in 1995. In 1996, Luna used this spell to deactivate the Full body-bind curse on Harry. Harry used Finite to counter Crabbe's Descendo attack on Ron in 1998.
Etymology: Latin finire, "to finish": "finite" is the plural imperative form, so it translates to the command, "[all of you] end". Incantatem is apparently intended to recall "incantation"; the Latin verb form incantatum would mean "someone or something enspelled".
Description: A spell that conjures a ring of fire. The caster is able to control the movement and direction of the flames with enough precision to strike specific targets. The spell Partis Temporus can create a gap in the flames to allow safe passage through.
Description: With this spell, the caster's wand can leave fiery marks.
Seen/Mentioned: Two appearances, by Hermione. She used the spell to identify doors of the Department of Mysteries which members of Dumbledore's Army had already opened, by marking an "X" on them. Also used by Tom Riddle in the Chamber of Secrets to draw his name in the air with Harry's Wand.
Etymology: The incantation comes from the Latin noun flagrate, meaning "a burn".
Description: Causes fire to become harmless to those caught in it, creating only a gentle, tickling sensation instead of burns.
Seen/Mentioned: Mentioned in 1993 as used by witches and wizards during medieval burnings. Apparently, one witch (Wendelin the Weird) was so fond of the tickling sensation, she allowed herself to be caught and subsequently burned no fewer than 47 times.
Notes: This may have been the spell used by Albus Dumbledore in 1938 to seemingly set fire to Tom Riddle's old wardrobe whilst causing no physical damage. It may also be the protection in the Floo network, as well as how people communicate through fireplaces.
Description: Apparently the spell cast on broomsticks to make them fly.
Seen/Mentioned: Draco Malfoy mentioned this spell when tauntingly asking Ron Weasley why would anyone cast a Flying Charm on Ron's broomstick, which he deems a "mouldy old log", in 1995 during Ron's first Quidditch practice.
Description: This spell causes fur to grow on someone.
Seen/Mentioned:Fred and George Weasley used this spell on themselves to grow fur (along with boils), in an attempt to cheer up their sister, Ginny Weasley during the time when the Basilisk was petrifying people.
Description: Creates a duplicate of any object cast upon.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione in 1997 to copy Salazar Slytherin's locket in order to hide their tracks from Dolores Umbridge was also used on the locket when Sirius's brother Regulus Black stole the locket from Voldemort in the cave. Assumed that it was used on Gryffindor's sword by Snape.
Description: Causes the steps on a stairway to flatten and form a ramp, slide, or chute.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione to escape from pursuing Death Eaters in 1998. It is possible that the spell on the stairs to the girl's dormitories, which activates when boys try to climb the stairs, is the same .
Etymology: Possibly derived from the French verb glisser, meaning "to slide".
Description: Used to help someone grip something with more effectiveness. This charm is placed upon Quaffles to help Chasers carry the Quaffle whilst simultaneously holding their brooms.
Etymology: Harmonia Nectere Passus derives from the Latin word "harmonia", meaning "harmony", the Latin word "nectere" which means "to tie, bind", and the Latin term "passus" meaning "step, pace", which came from "pati" meaning "suffer, allow, undergo". Effectively, the entire phrase comes out to mean "Allow(ing) to bind the harmony." Basically, binding the rift between the sister Vanishing Cabinets.
Description: Reveals human presence in the vicinity of the caster.
Seen/Mentioned: Used multiple times by various people in 1997.
Etymology: Most likely from Latin homo, meaning human, and "reveal", though the classical Latin form would be hominem instead of homenum, which shows Portuguese influence ("man" is homem in Portuguese)—indeed, Rowling speaks the language.
Notes: It can be used non-verbally; Dumbledore does so to detect Harry underneath his Invisibility Cloak.[8]
Description: Causes an Animagus or transfigured object to assume its normal shape.
Seen/Mentioned: According to Lockhart, he used it to force the Wagga Wagga Werewolf to take its human form. It was, however, used by Lupin and Sirius on the rat named Scabbers to reveal that he was Peter Pettigrew in Prisoner of Azkaban.
Suggested Etymology: Latin homo meaning "person" and Greek morphosis meaning "shaping"
Seen/Mentioned: It was briefly mentioned in question 7 of the W.O.M.B.A.T. test on what should receive the lightest punishment by the Wizengamot "horns created on a culprits mother by a broken wand."
Description: This spell allows a part of a wizard's soul to pass into an object, thereby making the object a Horcrux. One has to commit murder and take advantage of the soul's "splitting apart" by this supreme act of evil in order to be able to perform this spell, and it is probably very complex. In 1943, Horace Slughorn described the spell to a young Tom Riddle as encasing a portion of the torn soul and placing it within an object. The spell itself is described in detail in a banned book known as "Secret of the Darkest Art", which Hermione Granger summoned from Albus Dumbledore's office near the end of their sixth year. According to the text, use of this spell to separate the soul will make the remaining portion of the soul very fragile, and can only be reversed by "remorse" of the wrongs the creator had made; however, the pain caused by attempting to reverse the creation of a Horcrux can destroy the individual.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Lord Voldemort while creating his Horcruxes.
Notes: When J.K.Rowling was asked about what the steps are to create a Horcrux Rowling declined to answer, saying that "some things are better left unsaid". However, in the Harry Potter Encyclopedia, it is explained, and the editor is said to have felt like vomiting after reading it.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger in 1995 to dry off her robes. Also used shortly after to melt snow. Also was used by Albus Dumbledore in 1997 to dry Harry's and his own robes. Quite possibly a form of Ventus.
Description: Causes brooms to vibrate violently in the air and try to buck their rider off.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1991, Professor Quirrell may have been casting a wordless and wandless version of this spell on Harry's broom during his Quidditch match. Professor Flitwick suggested that Harry's confiscated Firebolt may be jinxed with this spell.
Description: This jinx is capable of tripping, freezing, binding, knocking back and generally impeding the target's progress towards the caster. The extent to which the spell's specific action can be controlled by the caster is unclear.
Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1995 when Harry was practising for the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament. In 1996, Harry saw in a memory that James Potter used it on Severus Snape. Also used in 1997 by Harry against the Inferi and Snape. Stronger uses of this spell seem capable of blowing targets away.
Etymology: Latin impedimentum (plural impedimenta), "a hindrance" or "an impediment".
Description: One of the three "Unforgivable Curses". Places the subject in a dream-like state, in which he or she is utterly subject to the will of the caster. However, those who are strong willed may learn to resist it. The use of this curse on another human results in capital punishment or life sentence in Azkaban
Seen/Mentioned: Used on many occasions. First seen in 1994 when Barty Crouch Jr, impersonating ex-AurorAlastor Moody, used it on a spider and later on students during a "class demonstration" in a Defence Against the Dark Arts class. While breaking into Gringotts in 1998, Harry used it on a goblin and a Death Eater when they became suspicious.
Etymology: Latin impero, I command, and English "imperious".
Description: Makes objects such as doors impenetrable (by everything, including sounds and objects).
Seen/Mentioned: The spell was used in 1995 by Hermione to trap Rita Skeeter within a bottle while she was in beetle form. It was also used by Molly Weasley in the same year on the door of the room in which an Order of the Phoenix meeting was being held, in order to prevent her sons, Fred and George, from eavesdropping.
Description: This spell makes something repel (literally, become impervious to) substances and outside forces including water.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger in 1993 on Harry's glasses while in a Quidditch match and also by the Gryffindor Quidditch team. Also used in 1997, first by Ron to protect objects in Yaxley's office from rain, and then by Hermione to protect Harry, Ron and Griphook from the burning treasure in the Lestranges' vault.
Etymology: It is said that the Latin impervius means (and is the source of) "impervious"; although it is the source of the word, it is better translated as impassable, as in a mountain peak.
Etymology: Probably English incarcerate, "to imprison". Possibly linked to the Latin in carcerem, "in(to) prison".
Notes: A non-verbal version of this spell may have been used to tie up Remus Lupin by Severus Snape during the encounter in the Shrieking Shack, and then later Peter Pettigrew in 1994. It may also have been used by Quirrell in 1992, although he is said to have merely "snapped his fingers". Also, it may have been the spell Antonin Dolohov used non-verbally to bind Ron Weasley with "shinning black ropes" in a skirmish on Tottenham Court Road.
Seen/Mentioned: It was first seen in 1994 by Arthur Weasley to create a fire in the Dursleys' hearth so that he could use Floo powder there. In 1997, this spell was used several times in battle, most noticeably when Hagrid's hut was set ablaze. It was also possibly used by Hagrid in 1991 to create a fire in the hearth before bringing Harry to London.
Etymology: Latin incendere, "to set fire (to)". Note that the first principal part of this verb (meaning "I set fire") is incendo, not incendio; Rowling's incantation does not match exactly any correct conjugation of the verb. Incêndio, in Portuguese (same pronunciation as in English) means 'huge fire'. "Encender" in Spanish means "to ignite" and "Incendie" in French means flame.
Notes: Probably the charm used frequently by Hermione, as it is noted that creating small portable fires is a speciality of hers. Although this fire is said to be portable and blue, which may be a different enchanted fire, possibly the bluebells flames incantation
Description: Informous is a spell that is used to complete one's Folio Bruti. A page with a brief description (including weaknesses and strengths) of the charmed creature is added to the caster's Folio Bruti.
Description: A jinx that renders its victim's legs temporarily useless, leaving them to wobble around helplessly until the effect wears off or the counter-jinx is performed.
Seen/Mentioned: First mentioned as one of the jinxes in the book Curses and Counter-Curses. Then used on Harry, practising for the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament, by Hermione. At the end of the term, Draco Malfoy, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle tried to harass Harry Potter on the Hogwarts Express and were hit with a few hexes, curses and jinxes, including the Jelly-Legs Jinx (cast by George Weasley).
Notes: This spell may have been the spell that the Death Eaters hit Ron with in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix in the Battle of the Department of Mysteries.
Description: Causes the target's fingers to become almost jelly-like to make it uneasy for the victim to grasp objects.
Seen/Mentioned: After a June 1999Pride of Portree/Appleby Arrows Quidditch game, the losing Seeker accused his opposite number of putting this curse on him as they both closed in on the Snitch.
Description: Allows the caster to delve into the mind of the victim, allowing the caster to see the memories, thoughts, and emotions of the victim.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Severus Snape on Harry after he had a dream about Arthur Weasley being attacked by Nagini in 1995. Also during Occlumency lessons in 1996. Also used non-verbally by Snape on Harry in 1997 to allow him to see where Harry had learned the Sectumsempra spell.
Etymology: Latin legere ("to read") and mens ("mind").
Description: The victim is dangled upside-down by their ankles, sometimes accompanied by a flash of light (this may be a variant of the spell).
Seen/Mentioned: Apparently invented by the Half-Blood Prince; it is a non-verbal-only spell (although it is whispered by Hermione in 1997). Harry Potter learnt it by reading the notes written by the Half-Blood Prince. He used it on Ron. The previous year, Harry had seen (through the Pensieve used by Severus Snape) his father, James Potter, use the spell against Professor Snape. In the Order of the Phoenix film, Luna Lovegood somehow uses this against a Death Eater, although she speaks it, and the spell's name is unknown to any students until Half-Blood Prince.
Etymology: Latin levare, "raise" and corpus, "body".
Seen/Mentioned: Harry used the spell in 1996 to counteract Levicorpus he had inadvertently cast on Ron.
Etymology: Latin liberare, "to free", and corpus, "body".
Notes: It is not clear why Levicorpus has a specific counter-spell, and is not neutralized by simply using Finite Incantatem, although this could be due to the fact that Snape invented the spell and therefore made it irreversible except by its specific counter-curse.
Description: The spell is always used with the name of a target, at which the wand is pointed (e.g. "Locomotor Trunk!"). The spell causes the named object to rise in the air and move around at the will of the caster.
Description: This curse was stored in Salazar Slytherin's Locket. When the locket is opened, a cloud of dark matter blasts back anything standing by the now opened locket, like a shockwave. Whoever is chosen to break the Locket, the curse will taunt the person with his/her fears, wants, and love. This goes away if the locket is broken.
Seen/Mentioned: This curse activated when Harry and Ron were going to destroy the Locket in 1997.
Etymology: English locomotion, "movement" + Latin mortis, "of death".
Notes: It is unclear whether or how this spell is related to the Locomotor spell. It could, however, be that the curse "locks" any part of the body in accordance to where it is pointed, or moves the body into a position of the caster's choosing whilst placing them into an immobile state. It is possible that Draco had pointed his wand at Neville and the curse "locked" his legs together.
Description: Creates an intense beam of light that projects from the wand's tip and can lock-on to various targets, turn hinkypunks solid and cause ghouls to retreat.
Etymology: Derived from two words; the Latin lumen, meaning "light", and the Latin word for "sun", which in its accusative case is "solem".
Notes: It is possible that the quality of the light is on the warmer solar end of the spectrum; Considering the known uses that the spell has been put to, it isn't that much of a stretch to presume that the spell is used to conjure Sunlight.
Description: Presumably causes weather effects caused by jinxes to cease.
Seen/Mentioned: Suggested in 1997 by Arthur Weasley to Ron (disguised as Reginald Cattermole by use of Polyjuice Potion) as the best way to clear up the rain jinx on a Ministry office. Also used by Bartemius Crouch Jr. (Disguised as Alastor Moody) In 1994 to cease the weather effect of the Great Hall's Ceiling insisting it is broken as he told Dumbledore to "Fix his ceiling".
Etymology:Meteorology, the study of weather, the word jinx and recant, "to withdraw or retract". Interestingly in modern English recant means to say that you no longer hold a belief.
Description: Like the Avada Kedavra curse, it kills (or freezes) the victim. It turns the body gray/blue (or paler) while it turns to stone and then another twin jinx can blast the body into pieces.
Etymology: Latin mors, "death", and mordere, meaning "to bite" (or its French derivative mordre); this would appear to be associated with the name of Lord Voldemort's followers, the Death Eaters. The English murder might also contribute.
Notes: A possible translation might be "take a bite out of death", a fitting phrase for Death Eaters.
Description: Turns off the light produced by Lumos.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1994, Harry Potter and Hermione Granger used this spell to turn off their wand-lights in the Shrieking Shack. Used in 1998 when Harry was in the passage beneath the Whomping Willow which leads to the Shrieking Shack. Lumos's power can be arranged so that a powerful wizard can make the charm illuminate intensely or to the wizards liking by loudness of incantation. For example "LUMOS!!!" would be powerful and "lumos" would be weaker. Also used by Harry Potter in 1998 to turn off the light so he could hide the Marauder's Map from Severus Snape.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione in 1995 to remove the footprints that she, Harry, and Ron left in the snow while walking to Hagrid's hut. Also used in 1997 by Hermione to remove the footprints she and Harry left behind them in the snow as they journeyed through Godric's Hollow.
Notes: The above instance in book five only reveals that the Obliteration Charm can remove footprints. There is no explanation as to what effect it can have on other things. It could possibly destroy things, according to its name.
Description: Used to hide a memory of a particular event.
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1993 when used by Gilderoy Lockhart on Harry and Ron; the spell backfired due to a faulty wand, costing Lockhart most of his own memory. Also, Hermione Granger used this spell to wipe her parents memories in 1997. Again, it was used in 1997 when Hermione Granger used the spell on 2 Death Eaters who had followed Harry, Ron, and Hermione after their escape from Bill Weasley's and Fleur Delacour's wedding.
Etymology: Latin oblivisci, "forget". The spell is most often used against Muggles who have seen something of the Wizarding world.
Notes: Memory Charms are confirmed on J.K. Rowling's website to have been developed by a witch named Mnemone Radford, who became the Ministry's first Obliviator. The Ministry of Magic employees assigned to modifying the memories of Muggles are called Obliviators. The charm can be broken by powerful magic, or extreme duress, as Lord Voldemort was able to torture Bertha Jorkins into remembering details that Barty Crouch Sr had forced her to forget using the charm. In this case, it was also shown that if the charm is too powerful, it can cause the target to develop a bad memory. This spell differs from the False Memory Charm.
Description: Makes a bouquet of flowers appear out of the caster's wand.
Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1994 by Mr. Ollivander to test Fleur Delacour's wand. Probably used non-verbally by Tom Riddle to present flowers to Mrs. Smith.
Etymology: English orchid and Latin suffix -eous, "of or bearing (the root word)".
Etymology:Partis is a plural form of the French verb partir, which means "to separate," "to go away," "to leave," or "to depart." Temporis is Latin for "time."
Description: Makes objects permanently stay in place.
Seen/Mentioned: First mentioned in 1995, when Sirius Black suspected that his mother's painting was fixed to the wall with such a Charm. It is implied that the portrait in the Muggle Prime Minister's office also has such a charm on it.
Notes: It is never said whether the charm prevents the object from being removed by cutting away the section of wall. The incantation could be gluten sempra, meaning glue forever, or adher sempra, which means stick forever.
Description: Used to temporarily bind the victim's body in a position much like that of a soldier at attention; the victim will usually fall to the ground.
Etymology: Latin petra, meaning "stone", and fieri (past participle factus), meaning "to become"; totalus comes from Latin "totus", meaning "complete".
Note: Albus Dumbledore used Petrificus Totalus on Harry during the first Battle of Hogwarts while Draco Malfoy disarmed him.
Description: The one time it was used, it had absolutely no effect.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Lockhart to attempt to remove Cornish Pixies.
Suggested Etymology: English pesky meaning "annoying", English pixie meaning "a supernatural being", English pester meaning "to annoy", English no for negative and English me for the first person pronoun.
Notes: It is not known if the spell works or not. It also suspiciously sounds like "Pesky pixie pester no me."
Description: Spell used to animate statues and suits of armour to do the caster's bidding.
Seen/Mentioned: In the Battle of Hogwarts, Professor McGonagall used this spell to animate the suits of armour and statues within Hogwarts, to defend the castle. Possibly used by Albus Dumbledore to enchant the statues on the fountain in the entrance to the Ministry of Magic Department.
Etymology:Pier means "friend" or "colleague", totum refers to "the whole" or "total", and locomotor means "the movement of".
Note: This spell may be an invention of Hermione Granger; it is unclear in the Goblet of Fire text whether she invented it herself or found it through research. Given that the incantation is English (whereas almost all other mentioned spells have incantations based on Latin or other old languages) and that none of the other champions of the Tournament seem to use the spell, it seems likely that Hermione invented the spell.
Etymology: Latin porta, meaning "gate", or portare, meaning "to carry" (as in to carry the caster or target to another location). There is a Latin word portus, meaning "harbour", but it is inappropriate in this context.
Notes: Portkeys were first seen in 1994 as a means for Harry, Hermione, and the Weasleys to go to the Quidditch World Cup. However, the spell used in its creation was not seen until 1995.
Description: Causes the echo (a shadow or image) of the last spell cast by a wand to emanate from it.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Amos Diggory in 1994 to discover the last spell cast by Harry's wand after it was found in the hands of Winky, a house-elf.
Etymology: Latin prior, "previous", and incantare, "to speak a spell" (past participle incantatum).
Notes: The nature of the "echo" depends on the original spell. The echo of a conjuring spell, for example, is the object conjured; the echo of the Cruciatus Curse is the screaming of the victim; the echo of an Avada Kedavra curse is the image of its victim.
Notes(2): Amos Diggory used this spell to find out if Harry's wand (held by Winky, Bartemius Crouch's house elf) cast the Dark Mark.
Notes(3): Apparently the spell is cumulative, with the user able to go further back and see spells that the wand performed after the latest spell. Harry suggests this in 1997. Hermione does not contradict his claim, suggesting this is true.
Description: Causes copies of an object to be remotely affected by changes made to the original.
Seen/Mentioned: First used in 1995. Hermione Granger put the charm on a number of fake Galleons. Instead of the serial number around the edge of the coin, the time and date of the next meeting of Dumbledore's Army appeared. It is possible that this charm is used on the Death Eaters' Dark Marks.
Etymology: The English word Protean derives from Proteus, a god in Greek Mythology. Proteus was a shape-shifter, able to take many forms. As a result, the word Protean has come to refer to versatility, flexibility, or an ability to assume many forms. "Protean" is also similar to "protein", derived from the same root, meaning a variable, flexible substance which forms strong bonds between its constituent parts.
Notes: On Hermione's fake galleons, when the date changes, the coin becomes hot, alerting the owner to look at the coin. This may not be a feature of the original charm. It may be a Flagrante Curse, when the Protean Charm changes the coin the curse may activate. It would seem from this that you can decide what the effects on the charmed objects are. Possibly by saying something along the lines of "Protean flagrante." although this is just speculation
Notes (2): The Protean Charm is a N.E.W.T. standard charm, according to Terry Boot, who is incredulous that Hermione can perform the spell even though she is only in her fifth year (N.E.W.T.s are taken in the seventh year at Hogwarts).
Description: The Shield Charm causes minor to moderate jinxes, curses, and hexes to rebound upon the attacker.
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1995, in which Harry is taught this spell by Hermione in preparation for the third task in the Triwizard Tournament. Albus Dumbledore uses a similar spell which reverses the construction of glass back into sand when Voldemort sent shards of glass to try to stab Dumbledore. Fred and George Weasley enchanted hats they dubbed "shield hats" with this spell in 1997.
Etymology: Latin protego, "I cover" or "I protect".
Notes: The original description of this spell states that it rebounds minor jinxes to the caster. However, it is shown in the books that it can also be used to reflect or lessen the effects of more powerful spells, depending on the skill of the caster. In 1998, it is also shown to be able to create a sort of force-field across an area, and is used frequently to prevent two participants in an argument from reaching each other.
Etymology: English reduce, "to shrink". (Latin has a verb reducere, present tense reduco. This is the source of the English "reduce", but has a different meaning.) Also in Italian Riduco first person present tense of Ridurre, same root of Latin Reducere.
Notes: Whether Reducio could also be used by itself rather than countering Engorgio is unknown. If it could, it would shrink normal sized items into miniature versions of themselves. References in 1992 by Arthur Weasley to "shrinking door keys" make this seem likely.
Description: Breaks objects. In stronger usages, disintegrates them.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1995, Harry used it on one of the hedges of the Triwizard maze and ends up burning a small hole in it; in 1995, Gryffindors in Harry Potter's year referenced Parvati Patil as being able to reduce a table full of Dark Detectors to ashes, and Harry and his friends later used the spell in the Department of Mysteries against the Death Eaters, shattering many Prophecy Orbs in the process; in 1997, a member of the Order of the Phoenix attempted to use this spell to break down a door which Death Eaters had blocked when the Death Eaters had cornered Dumbledore in the Lightning Struck Tower.
Etymology: English reduce, "to bring down;destroy".
Description: A spell used to make the subject release what ever it is holding or binding.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry Potter against Grindylows in the second task of the Triwizard Tournament. Also used in 1997 and 1998, when Hermione used this spell to free Mrs. Cattermole from the chained chair and to free the Ukrainian Ironbelly on which they were to get out from Gringotts.]]
Etymology: Probably from the French verb relâcher ="to release, to set free", or Italian rilascio (pronounced the same way as the spell)= "I release".
Seen/Mentioned: Countless times throughout the books. Shattered objects are often described as having "flown" back together. However, substances contained in the broken objects don't get back inside. In 1995 Harry smashed a bowl of murtlap essence. He could repair the bowl but the murtlap essence remained splashed to the floor.
A form of this spell used by Hermione on Harry's glasses.
Etymology: Latin reparo meaning "to renew" or "repair". [9]
Notes: This is the final spell used in the Harry Potter series. Reparo has been seen to repair non-magical items, however it seems to have an inability at repairing magical items or items that have magic placed upon them. An example is Harry's Nimbus 2000 shown in 1993 which he is told is irreparable after it is destroyed by the Whomping Willow. Wands are also irreparable, as shown in 1992 when Ron's wand snapped after he and Harry crashed onto the Hogwarts grounds. Despite his use of Spellotape, Ron's wand malfunctioned throughout the entire novel. Another example is in 1997 when Hermione tried to fix Harry's broken wand, which was snapped by her errant Blasting Curse. However, Harry repaired his wand with the Elder Wand. Since the Elder Wand is the most powerful wand in the universe, it makes sense that it would produce the most powerful Repairing Charm.
Description: Keeps Muggles away from wizarding places by causing them to remember important meetings they missed and to cause the Muggles in question to forget what they were doing.
Seen/Mentioned: Mentioned in Quidditch Through the Ages as being used to keep Muggles away from the Quidditch World Cup. Hogwarts was also said to be guarded by the Muggle-Repelling Charm. It was also used by Harry and Hermione on numerous occasions, among many other spells, to protect and hide their camp site in 1997.
Etymology: Possibly the sum of two words; The Latin rictus, meaning "The expanse of an open mouth", and semper, meaning "Always". Rictus is generally used as an expression of terror, however, "always an open mouth" would, in most cases, correspond to the act of laughing uncontrollably.
Description: A spell used when fighting a Boggart, "Riddikulus" forces the Boggart to take the appearance of an object the caster is focusing on. Best results can be achieved if the caster is focusing on something humorous, with the desire that laughter will weaken the Boggart.
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1993, when taught by Remus Lupin.
Etymology: Latin word ridiculus, "laughable" (but perhaps "absurd" or "silly" in this context).
Notes: The effect of the spell seems to rely primarily on the state of mind of the caster. It doesn't actually change the shape of a boggart into something humorous, but rather whatever the caster is concentrating on at the moment of the casting, as when Neville was thinking of his grandmother's dress. Presumably, Mrs. Weasley couldn't take her mind off of her fears for her family, so the Boggart was changed into other members of the family rather than something humorous.
Description: A spell invented by Hagrid which propels row boats to a pre-set destination.
Seen/mentioned: Hagrid used the spell on the row-boats at Hogwarts, to transport the First years from Hogsmeade Station to the Boathouse. It may also have been the spell that he used to propel the row-boat that he used to take Harry from the Hut-on-the-Rock back to the mainland in 1991.
Description: Unknown, as it was one of several spells that were used to help strengthen Harry's camp-site, and had no seen effects. Possibly deflects minor hexes aimed at an object (the tent)
Etymology: Possibly derived from the Latin "salveo," meaning "to be in good health," and used as a form of greeting and farewell, and a pseudo-Latin derivative of the English word "hex"—hence, "Farewell, hexes!"
Seen/Mentioned: Harry and Hermione cast this spell to strengthen their camp-site's defences against intruders in 1997.
Notes: Possibly the Hex Deflection spells the fake Moody mentioned in 1994.
Etymology: Perhaps related to English scour, "clean". -ify is a common English suffix meaning "to make ...". Therefore scourgify could mean "to make clean".
Description: A dark spell that creates large, blood-oozing gashes on the subject as if said subject had been "slashed by a sword". Invented by Severus Snape.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry in 1997 against Draco Malfoy, and then later against both the Inferi in Lord Voldemort's Horcrux chamber, and Snape used it against George Weasley (was unintentional; aimed for a Death Eater that tried to curse Lupin) in the Order's flight from Privet Drive. Harry learned it in Snape's old Potions textbook. In 1998, the spell is said to be Severus Snape's "signature" spell.
Etymology: Latin sectum, "cut", and semper, "always".
Notes: The spell can apparently be used against any object, but was not effective when used against Inferi because they could not bleed. The movement of the wand seems to affect how someone is cut, suggested by the erratic patterns of slashes left on Draco Malfoy's face and chest, produced by Harry Potter's wild wand-swings while using the spell against Draco. Wounds caused by this spell can be healed as proved by Severus Snape who after Harry hit Draco Malfoy with this spell he healed Draco's wounds and told him to go and get treated with dittany at once so that he would even avoid any sign of any wound. However it seems that it depends on the caster's magical abilities because Molly Weasley could not heal and restore George Weasley's ear that was cursed off by this spell.
Seen/Mentioned: First used by Hermione in 1996 to silence a frog and a raven in Charms class, then later used to silence a Death Eater that was trying to tell his comrades where they were.
Etymology: Probably Latin silentium, "silence". Also, silencio and silêncio (which is closer to the English pronunciation) mean "silence" in Spanish and Portuguese, respectively.
Description: Cleans up ectoplasm, the slime-like residue left by certain ghosts. The spell manifests as a blast of greenish suds.
Seen/Mentioned: The Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets video game. Harry finds it in a spell book in the Restricted Section of the Hogwarts Library(possibly misfiled) and uses it to clear doorways and treasure chests that have been slimed-over by malevolent ghosts.
Description: A jet of green light strikes the victim, who then vomits slugs for ten minutes. The sizes of the vomited slugs decrease with time.
Seen/Mentioned: In Chamber of Secrets, Ron attempts to use it on Draco; the spell backfired and hit him instead. It is also a spell that can be bought in Lego Harry Potter: Years 1-4.
Description: Apparently causes an object to show its hidden secrets or magical properties.
Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger to find out more of Harry's Advanced Potion-Making book in 1996. Used by Ernie Macmillan to find out ingredients of a potion. Its precise effects are unknown, as there are no recorded occasions of the spell being successful.
Etymology: Latin specialis, "particular;individual" and revelare (present tense revelo), "unveil".
Notes: In 1994, Severus Snape cast a similar spell, but with different words ("Reveal your secrets!"), on the Marauder's Map, though he may have just been saying those words as he cast the spell non-verbally. The spell may also be able to distinguish different ingredients in a potion, though this is noted to merely sound impressive.
Description: Stuns victim. If used too forcefully, it will put the victim in an unconscious state.
Seen/Mentioned: Often; particularly by a number of wizards and witches (including Dolores Umbridge) against Minerva McGonagall in 1996. It's also taught by Harry in his D.A. meetings.
Etymology: English stupefy, which means 'to put into a stupor', a temporary vegetative state.
Notes: The physical manifestation of the spell is a beam of red light emanating from the caster's wand. The spell wears off after a short time, and can be countered by Rennervate. Nearly useless on magic-resistant creatures such as dragons, trolls and giants unless more than one Stupefy spell is used at the same time. The force of the spell is additive or perhaps even exponential, and it can cause severe injury if many spells are used on a target that is not normally resistant to its effects. Hagrid, as a half-giant, is impervious to this spell - or at least, a lone one.
Description: Presumably causes the caster to have enhanced senses, or to be able to sense things they would not normally sense.
Seen/Mentioned: Mentioned by Ron outside of the Hogwarts Express in 2017 as a potential substitute for using mirrors while driving a Muggle auto mobile.
Description: Causes two objects to be switched for one another
Seen/Mentioned: Harry contemplated using this spell against his dragon in the first task of the Triwizard Tournament. ((He considered swapping its fangs for wine gums)). Neville Longbottom misuses the spell, transplanting his ears onto a cactus.
Description: A jinx which may be placed upon a word or a name, so that whenever that word is spoken, a magical disturbance is created which alerts the caster of the Taboo to the location of the speaker. Any protective enchantments in effect around the speaker are broken when the Tabooed word is spoken aloud.
Seen/Mentioned: In Deathly Hallows, this spell is placed on the word "Voldemort"; Harry, Ron and Hermione are tracked this way to Tottenham Court Road. Ron tells the other two to stop using the word as he began to fear the name might be a jinx, later discovering it to be a Taboo. Later in the book, Harry accidentally says Voldemort's name again, resulting in the trio being caught by Death Eaters and taken to Malfoy Manor.
Notes: A possible incantation could be "vomica vox" meaning "cursed word" presumably followed by the word.
Description: Makes victim's legs dance uncontrollably (recalling the tarantella dance).
Seen/Mentioned: First used by Draco Malfoy on Harry in the Duelling Club in 1992.
Etymology: Italian tarantella, a kind of fast country dance once popular in parts of Italy, supposedly from the frantic motion caused by the bite of a tarantula; and allegro, a musical term meaning "quick".
Description: A spell used to siphon matter from a surface, eg. blood, ink, dust, etc.
Seen/Mentioned:Hermione Granger used the spell in 1996 to remove blood from Harry's face. It is later used to remove spilled ink from parchment. It was also used in 1997 to clean off a handkerchief by Ron and to dust off a picture of Gellert Grindelwald in Bathilda Bagshot's house by Harry Potter.
Description: Causes the toenails to grow at an extreme and uncontrollable rate.
Seen/Mentioned: In 1996, Harry uses this to much applause from classmates.
Notes: This is a hex that is probably not approved by the Ministry of Magic, as it was invented by Severus Snape. And it is unknown whether "Toenail Growth Hex" is its real name, as its title was never mentioned.
Description: A curse which prevents certain information from being revealed by the individual upon whom the spell is placed. The curse manifests itself by causing the tongue to temporarily curl backwards upon itself.
Seen/Mentioned: Seen in 1997 as a deterrent to Severus Snape, or any other unwanted visitor of 12 Grimmauld Place, from betraying their location to anyone else.
Description: Unknown effect upon victim; most likely extreme torture that can lead to death. Given the source, the Torture may not actually exist.
Seen/Mentioned:Gilderoy Lockhart suggested that it was this curse that "killed" Mrs. Norris after she was really found petrified on a torch bracket.
Etymology: English "transmogrify", meaning "to change or alter greatly, often to grotesque effect", possibly implying that the curse changes the shape of the victim to cause pain.
Description: Causes a vow taken by a witch or wizard to be inviolable; if they should break it, the consequence is death.
Seen/Mentioned:Snape takes an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa Malfoy at the beginning of Half-Blood Prince, vowing to help Narcissa's son Draco with a task given to him by Voldemort, and to finish the task should Draco prove incapable. Fred and George attempted to force an Unbreakable Vow upon Ron as children. According to Ron, it causes death when the vow is broken.
Description: Causes a container's capacity to be increased, without changing the object's appearance on the outside.
Seen/Mentioned: This spell is most likely the one Arthur Weasley used to allow eight people, six large trunks, two owls, and a rat to fit comfortably inside his modified Ford Anglia in 1992. Probably used on the tent in which the Weasleys, Harry and Hermione stay during the Quidditch World Cup in 1994; the tent is also used by Harry, Ron and Hermione as shelter in 1997. Also, Hermione cast this spell upon her handbag in the same year.
Etymology: Ventus is a Latin word, meaning "wind".
Notes: Not said aloud in the books or in the films, but quite possibly the Hot-Air Charm Hermione and Dumbledore use in the books to produce a stream of warm air from the tip of their wands to dry off.
Description: Counter Spell for Serpensortia. Seems not to merely "Vanish", but causes the snake to smoulder from head and tail until it is reduced to a pile of ashes.
Description: Appears to launch small objects through the air.
Seen/Mentioned: Used only once in the series, by Remus Lupin in 1993 to expel a wad of chewing gum from the key hole Peeves put it in, launching it up Peeves's nose.
Etymology: Latin vado, "go", and possibly vasa, "implements, vessels"; but this part is obscure. (The letter "V" in Latin is also written "U", and pronounced as the English "W".) It could also come from Swedish vadd, which means "soft mass" (in this case it was gum), and French vas y, "go there", as Lupin did not just make the gum fly out of the key hole, but he directed it up Peeves's nose. The word could also just be based on the English wad, as in "a wad of gum".
Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1991, when Professor Flitwick's first-year class practised the spell. Later in the same year, Ron Weasley performed the spell on the club of a mountain troll. In 1992, Dobby uses this although Harry is accused of it. The spell was also used in 1997 by Harry to levitate the side-car of Sirius's flying motorbike. Ron also used as the charm to make a twig fly into a knot on the Whomping Willow in 1998. The motion to perform it is described as a "swish and flick"
Etymology: "Wingardium" certainly contains English wing meaning "fly" [14], and Latin arduus, meaning "high" [2]. "Leviosa" most probably originates in Latin levis, meaning "light".
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